At Évora pole of INIESC, the Solar Desalination and Water Treatment Platform comprises:
1) a pilot system demonstrating Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) desalination, supported entirely by solar energy conversion and smart brine valorization strategies. The pilot system, with a capacity to treat 1 m³/day of water, is powered entirely by renewable energy and integrates: (i) a reverse osmosis system (PV/RO) supplied by photovoltaic electricity; (ii) a Multiple-Feed Plug Flow Reactor (MF-PFR) for selective salt precipitation; (iii) a Membrane Distillation (MD) unit, that can be supplied, for the thermal circuit, by two electric resistances of 9kW each, or by thermal energy from a 16 kWth CPC solar collector field (Solartech-loop), where solar heat is captured using thermal oil circulating through the collector field and subsequently transferred via a heat exchanger to the MD module feed stream; and (iv) two solar evaporation ponds for final brine concentration.
2) a prototype of a solar reactor for water treatment, consisting of a tubular photoreactor with 150 L total volume and 62.32 L illuminated volume, that operates in batch mode with water recirculation. It is composed of a non-evacuated tubular receiver (125 mm diameter), having a non-imaging modified near-one-concentration (One-Sun) Compound Parabolic Collectors type (CPC-type) back reflector, that captures and uses both direct and diffuse solar radiation in the visible and UV range, with a simplified geometry. This pilot can be used to test solar photooxidation processes (e.g., H2O2, chloride, peroxymonosulfate as oxidants) and solar photocatalysis with supported or suspended photocatalysts, in the treatment of urban or industrial wastewaters.